A Child Advocacy Company
Bringing Support to Parents
Building Strength to Children
Bringing Support to Parents
Building Strength to Children
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Disclaimer: BS Kids LLC legal research and information has been prepared for educational and informational purposes
only. This material is not legal advice or legal opinions on any specific matters. Transmission of the information is not
intended to create and receipt does not constitute a lawyer-client relationship between BS Kids LLC , the author of the
information and any other legal publisher. Customers of BS Kids should not act upon this information without seeking
professional counsel. The opinions expressed in the material presented to BS Kids clientele is based on information found
in legal publications. BS Kids LLC, 78 Canterberry Court, Hudson, NH 03051 781-756-1214.
only. This material is not legal advice or legal opinions on any specific matters. Transmission of the information is not
intended to create and receipt does not constitute a lawyer-client relationship between BS Kids LLC , the author of the
information and any other legal publisher. Customers of BS Kids should not act upon this information without seeking
professional counsel. The opinions expressed in the material presented to BS Kids clientele is based on information found
in legal publications. BS Kids LLC, 78 Canterberry Court, Hudson, NH 03051 781-756-1214.
Joint custody is better for children.
"One clear message from the accumulated divorce research is that children profit by continued exposure
to both parents" (pg. 61, 1, lines 1 - 3) Visitation and the Noncustodial Father - Mary Ann P. Koch, Carol R.
Lowery, Journal of Divorce, Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter 1984
"Children who were able to maintain post-divorce relationships with both parents were better able to adjust
to the divorce." ( pg. 50, 3, lines 5 -7) Visitation and the Noncustodial Father - Mary Ann P. Koch, Carol R.
Lowery, Journal of Divorce, Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter 1984
"The continuing involvement of divorced fathers in families where mothers maintain physical custody has
become recognized as an important mediating factor in the adjustment and well-being of children of
divorce." (pg. 441, col. 2, 1, lines 4 - 9) The Effect of the Post Divorce Relationship on Paternal
Involvement: A Longitudinal Analysis - Constance R. Ahrons, Ph.D., and Richard B. Miller, Ph.D., American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 63, No. 3, July 1993
"Children recover more rapidly from the emotional trauma of parents' separation when they maintain close
ties with their fathers." (pg. 1013, Col. 2, 2, lines 13 - 24 continued on pg. 1014, Col. 1, 1, lines 1) Family
Ties after Divorce: The Relationship Between Visiting and Paying Support - Judith A. Seltzer, Nora
Shaeffer, Hong-wen Charing, University of Wisconsin, Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 51, No. 4,
November 1989.
"Adolescents who reported closer relationships with their non custodial fathers were assessed as
displaying fewer internalizing problems." (pg. 139, 1, lines 8 - 10) Interparental Conflict, Relationship with
the Noncustodial Father, and Adolescent Post- Divorced Adjustment - Gene Brody and Rex Forehand,
University of Georgia, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 2, April - June 1990
"Fathers who have frequent contact with their children are also more likely to discuss the children with the
mother." (pg. 89, Col. 1, 2, Lines 10 - 13) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart:
The Father's Role after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"Fathers who visit their children are most likely to have a voice in major child-rearing decisions." (pg. 90,
Col. 1, 2, Lines 8 - 10) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role
after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of Marriage and the Family,
Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"When both parents share the social and economic responsibilities of child care, children appear to adapt
better to their changed living arrangements than when mothers bear these responsibilities alone." (pg. 79,
Col. 1, 1, Lines 18 - 24) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role
after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of Marriage and the Family,
Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"Friendliness [between parents] increased with greater contact frequency" Post-divorce Relationships
between Ex-Spouses: The Roles of Attachment and Interpersonal Conflict - Carol Masheter, University of
Utah, Journal of Marriage and the Family, Volume 53, (February 1991): 103 110
Advantages of Joint Custody
"One clear message from the accumulated divorce research is that children profit by continued exposure
to both parents" (pg. 61, 1, lines 1 - 3) Visitation and the Noncustodial Father - Mary Ann P. Koch, Carol R.
Lowery, Journal of Divorce, Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter 1984
"Children who were able to maintain post-divorce relationships with both parents were better able to adjust
to the divorce." ( pg. 50, 3, lines 5 -7) Visitation and the Noncustodial Father - Mary Ann P. Koch, Carol R.
Lowery, Journal of Divorce, Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter 1984
"The continuing involvement of divorced fathers in families where mothers maintain physical custody has
become recognized as an important mediating factor in the adjustment and well-being of children of
divorce." (pg. 441, col. 2, 1, lines 4 - 9) The Effect of the Post Divorce Relationship on Paternal
Involvement: A Longitudinal Analysis - Constance R. Ahrons, Ph.D., and Richard B. Miller, Ph.D., American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 63, No. 3, July 1993
"Children recover more rapidly from the emotional trauma of parents' separation when they maintain close
ties with their fathers." (pg. 1013, Col. 2, 2, lines 13 - 24 continued on pg. 1014, Col. 1, 1, lines 1) Family
Ties after Divorce: The Relationship Between Visiting and Paying Support - Judith A. Seltzer, Nora
Shaeffer, Hong-wen Charing, University of Wisconsin, Journal of Marriage & the Family, Vol. 51, No. 4,
November 1989.
"Adolescents who reported closer relationships with their non custodial fathers were assessed as
displaying fewer internalizing problems." (pg. 139, 1, lines 8 - 10) Interparental Conflict, Relationship with
the Noncustodial Father, and Adolescent Post- Divorced Adjustment - Gene Brody and Rex Forehand,
University of Georgia, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 11, No. 2, April - June 1990
"Fathers who have frequent contact with their children are also more likely to discuss the children with the
mother." (pg. 89, Col. 1, 2, Lines 10 - 13) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart:
The Father's Role after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"Fathers who visit their children are most likely to have a voice in major child-rearing decisions." (pg. 90,
Col. 1, 2, Lines 8 - 10) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role
after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of Marriage and the Family,
Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"When both parents share the social and economic responsibilities of child care, children appear to adapt
better to their changed living arrangements than when mothers bear these responsibilities alone." (pg. 79,
Col. 1, 1, Lines 18 - 24) Relationships between Fathers and Children Who Live Apart: The Father's Role
after Separation - Judith A. Seltzer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journal of Marriage and the Family,
Vol. 53, No. 1, February 1991
"Friendliness [between parents] increased with greater contact frequency" Post-divorce Relationships
between Ex-Spouses: The Roles of Attachment and Interpersonal Conflict - Carol Masheter, University of
Utah, Journal of Marriage and the Family, Volume 53, (February 1991): 103 110
Advantages of Joint Custody
- Child snatching Virtually eliminated through joint custody.
- Child support: Only 6% - 7% delinquency in joint custody, compared to 50% - 72% in sole.
- Children's emotional-psychological adjustment Tested demonstrably better in joint custody.
- Cooperative support agreements 78% of amount due is paid, less than 50% when litigated.
- Relitigation rate Almost half (for joint custody) that of sole custody.
- Fewer contempts Sole custody produces twice as much punitive legal action.
- Three times greater payment, voluntarily, of extras Camps, music, allowances, payments, etc.
- Working mothers’ Joint custody facilitates remunerative working for mothers.
- Abuse Reduction Joint custody reduces frustration that foments abuse.
- Professionals support 77% custody elicits patenting plans, sole custody does not.
- Increasing Joint custody more widely implemented: In Calf. 5% 1st year, over 65% by 5th year.
- Voluntary agreements. With preference in the law, more parents voluntarily decide joint custody.
- Preserves family 76% of parents seeking joint custody did not initiate divorce.
- Satisfied parents 89% to 90% of joint custody parents report _highly satisfactory._
- Income & status Facilitated as mothers gain remunerative employment, both retain custody status.
- Assists adaptation to later years. Women under 40 at divorce & in joint custody adapt more easily.
Shared Parenting